{{Rsnum
|rsid=1057910
|Gene=CYP2C9
|Chromosome=10
|position=94981296
|Orientation=plus
|ReferenceAllele=A
|MissenseAllele=C
|GMAF=0.04224
|Assembly=GRCh38
|GenomeBuild=38.1
|dbSNPBuild=141
|Summary=Warfarin (Coumadin®)
|geno1=(A;A)
|geno2=(A;C)
|geno3=(C;C)
|Gene_s=CYP2C9
}}{{ population diversity
| geno1=(A;A)
| geno2=(A;C)
| geno3=(C;C)
| CEU | 88.5 | 11.5 | 0.0
| HCB | 91.2 | 8.8 | 0.0
| JPT | 96.5 | 3.5 | 0.0
| YRI | 99.3 | 0.7 | 0.0
| ASW | 94.7 | 5.3 | 0.0
| CHB | 91.2 | 8.8 | 0.0
| CHD | 90.8 | 9.2 | 0.0
| GIH | 74.3 | 24.8 | 1.0
| LWK | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0
| MEX | 89.5 | 10.5 | 0.0
| MKK | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0
| TSI | 85.3 | 14.7 | 0.0
| HapMapRevision=28
}}{{CPMC SNP
|link=https://cpmc.coriell.org/Sections/Results/Warfarin.aspx?PgId=222
}}
SNP [[rs1057910]](A), located in the cytochrome p450 [[CYP2C9]] gene, most commonly encodes the amino acid isoleucine at position 359, and the resulting allele is also known as CYP2C9*1. [[rs1057910]](C) encodes a leucine at this same position, and the resulting allele is called [[CYP2C9*3]]. This SNP is also known as Ile359Leu or A1075C.

The effect of CYP2C9 variants on drug metabolism should not be predicted without also considering [[CYP2C9*2]], defined as the common loss of function variant [[rs1799853]](T) (NM_000771:c.430C>T, NP_000762:p.144R>C) {{PMID|8004131}}  [http://www.pharmgkb.org/search/annotatedGene/cyp2c9/]. 

Studies of the effects of these alleles include:

* [[rs1057910(C;C)]] genotypes may clear drugs like [[celecoxib]] (trade name [[Celebrex]]) twice as slowly as [[rs1057910(A;A)]] genotypes; the [[rs1057910(A;C)]] genotypes are in-between clearance rates. Lower clearance rates will lead to higher internal concentrations of the drug. It is not clear whether this could lead to increased efficacy and/or increased side effects. {{PMID|12893985}}

* [[rs1057910(C;C)]] genotypes are poor metabolizers of [[tolbutamide]], a sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drug used in the treatment of [[diabetes]]. {{PMID|8873220}}

* [[rs1057910(C;C)]] genotypes are poor metabolizers of phenytoin, a drug used to treat [[epilepsy]], and therefore tend to need lower doses. {{PMID|15805193|OA=1
}}

* [[rs1057910(C;C)]] genotypes are poor metabolizers of [[glipizide]], a second generation sulfonylurea drug structurally similar to tolbutamide and also used as an oral hypoglycemic agent. {{PMID|10208645}}

* [[rs1057910(C;C)]] genotypes are poor metabolizers of [[warfarin]], and therefore unusually sensitive. {{PMID|9352571}} 

* See also [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=601130&a=601130_AllelicVariant0001 OMIM 601130.0001]

Individuals carrying this SNP may show increased risk of developing acute gastrointestinal bleeding during the use of [[NSAID]]s that are CYP2C8 or CYP2C9 substrates, such as [[aceclofenac]], [[celecoxib]], [[diclofenac]], [[ibuprofen]], [[indomethazine]], [[lornoxicam]], [[meloxicam]], [[naproxen]], [[piroxicam]], [[tenoxicam]] and [[valdecoxib]].{{PMID|19422321}}

{{ neighbor
| rsid = 17847042
| distance = 1
}}

{{PMID Auto GWAS
|PMID=19300499
|Trait=Warfarin maintenance dose
|Title=A Genome-Wide Association Study Confirms VKORC1, CYP2C9, and CYP4F2 as Principal Genetic Determinants of Warfarin Dose
|RiskAllele=
|Pval=3E-79
|OR=1.11
|ORtxt=[1.00-1.22] mg/week decrease
|OA=1
}}

{{PharmGKB
|RSID=rs1057910
|Name_s=CYP2C9*3, c.1075A>C, mRNA 11A>C, p.Ile359Leu
|Gene_s=CYP2C9
|Feature=Exon/NonSyn
|Evidence=PubMed ID:19794411
|Annotation=Risk or phenotype-associated allele: rs1057910 C allele Phenotype: CYP2C9 wild-type (reference) allele carriers required a mean warfarin dose of 3.2 &#177; 1.6 mg, whereas patients carrying one or two CYP2C9 variant alleles (CYP2C9*2 = rs1799853 T allele, CYP2C9*3 = rs1057910 C allele, relative to CYP2C9*1 = reference) required significantly lower doses (*1/*x: 2.7 &#177; 1.5 mg (&#8722;16%); *x/*x: 1.9 &#177; 1.1 mg (&#8722;41%)) (p = 0.0015). CYP2C9 genotypes showed significant influence on the time to the first INR >=2 (p = 0.0016). The risk for having an INR value >=4 was higher in individuals with multiple variants of CYP2C9 or VKORC1 (rs9923231 A allele) (OR = 12.8, 95% CI = 2.73-60.0). The combined effect of variants and age, explained 26.6% of the variability in the warfarin dose, with VKORC1 (rs9923231 A allele) accounting for 19.1%, CYP2C9 (rs1799853 T allele, or rs1057910 C allele) for 3.2%, EPHX1 (rs2292566 A allele) for 1.7%, CYP4F2 (rs2108622 C allele) for 1.1%, and age for 1.5%. Study size: 283. Study population/ethnicity: Hospitalized Caucasian patients aged 75 years or older, recruited Sep 2002-Nov 2004 in Ivry, France, and Oct 2005-Mar 2008 from 14 French centers. Significance metric(s): p < = 0.0016. Type of association: GN; PK.
|Drugs=warfarin
|Drug Classes=
|Diseases=
|Curation Level=Curated
|PharmGKB Accession ID=PA165111645
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=20214591
|Title=Pharmacogenomics in aspirin intolerance
}}
{{PMID Auto
|PMID=20555338
|Title=Worldwide allele frequency distribution of four polymorphisms associated with warfarin dose requirements
}}
{{PMID Auto
|PMID=20842355
|Title=VKORC1-1639G&gt;A, CYP2C9, EPHX1691A&gt;G genotype, body weight, and age are important predictors for warfarin maintenance doses in patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses in southwest China
}}

{{PharmGKB
|RSID=rs1057910
|Name_s=CYP2C9*3; CYP2C9:359Ile>Leu
|Gene_s=CYP2C9
|Feature=Exon/NonSyn
|Evidence=Web Resource:http://www.pharmgkb.org/search/annotatedGene/cyp2c9/variant.jsp#ImportantVariantInformationforCYP2C9-222
|Annotation=This variant has been shown to correlate significantly with warfarin dose as well as affecting the clearance of several other drugs.
|Drugs=fluvastatin; glipizide; phenytoin; tolbutamide; warfarin
|Drug Classes=
|Diseases=
|Curation Level=In-Depth
|PharmGKB Accession ID=PA161145195
}}

{{PharmGKB
|RSID=rs1057910
|Name_s=CYP2C9*3:Ile359Leu
|Gene_s=CYP2C9
|Feature=Exon/NonSyn
|Evidence=PubMed ID:18535201
|Annotation=In a GWAS study, this SNP was modestly associated with warfarin dose.
|Drugs=warfarin
|Drug Classes=
|Diseases=
|Curation Level=Curated
|PharmGKB Accession ID=PA161748412
}}

{{PharmGKB
|RSID=rs1057910
|Name_s=CYP2C9*3; CYP2C9:359Ile>Leu
|Gene_s=CYP2C9
|Feature=Exon/NonSyn
|Evidence=PubMed ID:12893985
|Annotation=In a study on 21 healthy voluntees a more than two-fold reduced oral clearance in homozygous carriers of CYP2C9*3 was seen for celecoxib compared to carriers of the wild-type genotype CYP2C9*1/*1 and the heterozygous carriers of one *3 allele were in-between. CYP2C9*2 had no significant influence on celecoxib pharmacokinetics.
|Drugs=celecoxib
|Drug Classes=
|Diseases=
|Curation Level=Curated
|PharmGKB Accession ID=PA162263549
}}

{{PharmGKB
|RSID=rs1057910
|Name_s=CYP2C9: I359L; CYP2C9*3
|Gene_s=CYP2C9
|Feature=Exon/NonSyn
|Evidence=PubMed ID:11408373; PubMed ID:11823761
|Annotation=This variant (I359L) in exon 7 is part of the CYP2C9*3 allele. The residue 359 is located in the CYP2C9 active site. In vitro studies showed that the rate of losartan oxidation was lower in liver microsomes from individuals carring the CYP2C9*3 allele. This is consitant with an in vivo study showing that the CYP2C9*3 allele is associated with decreased formation of E-3174 (a more potent, active metabolite of losartan) in subjects given a single dose of losartan.
|Drugs=losartan
|Drug Classes=
|Diseases=
|Curation Level=Curated
|PharmGKB Accession ID=PA162372807
}}

{{PharmGKB
|RSID=rs1057910
|Name_s=CYP2C9*3; CYP2C9:359Ile>Leu
|Gene_s=CYP2C9
|Feature=Exon/NonSyn
|Evidence=PubMed ID:15116053
|Annotation=The CYP2C9*3 allele influenced the Factor VII coagulant activity, measured before and 24 hours after acenocoumarol intake, in 263 healthy volunteers. The study conludes that CYP2C9-related genetic variability accounts for 14% of the interindividual variability in acenocoumarol pharmacodynamic response.
|Drugs=acenocoumarol
|Drug Classes=
|Diseases=
|Curation Level=Curated
|PharmGKB Accession ID=PA162411186
}}

{{PharmGKB
|RSID=rs1057910
|Name_s=
|Gene_s=CYP2C9
|Feature=Exon/NonSyn
|Evidence=PubMed ID:19300499; Web Resource:http://www.genome.gov/gwastudies/
|Annotation=GWAS results: A Genome-Wide Association Study Confirms VKORC1, CYP2C9, and CYP4F2 as Principal Genetic Determinants of Warfarin Dose. (Initial Sample Size: 1,053 individuals; Replication Sample Size: 588 individuals); (Region: 10q23.33; Reported Gene(s): CYP2C9; Risk Allele: rs1057910-?); (p-value= 3E-79).This variant is associated with Warfarin maintenance dose.
|Drugs=warfarin
|Drug Classes=
|Diseases=
|Curation Level=Non-Curated
|PharmGKB Accession ID=PA164739917
}}

{{PharmGKB
|RSID=rs1057910
|Name_s=CYP2C9*3; CYP2C9:359Ile>Leu
|Gene_s=CYP2C9
|Feature=Exon/NonSyn
|Evidence=PubMed ID:19228618
|Annotation=This variant (CYP2C9*3) has been shown to influence warfarin dose and is included in the pharmacogenetic algorithm for estimating the appropriate initial dose of warfarin.
|Drugs=warfarin
|Drug Classes=
|Diseases=
|Curation Level=Curated
|PharmGKB Accession ID=PA162652684
}}

{{PharmGKB
|RSID=rs1057910
|Name_s=CYP2C9*3, CYP2C9:Ile359Leu
|Gene_s=CYP2C9
|Feature=Exon/NonSyn
|Evidence=PubMed ID:19794412
|Annotation=In a study of Scottish patients receiving sulfonylureas (n=1073), those with any CYP2C9*3 alleles were less likely to experience treatment failure, and CYP2C9*3 homozygotes had greater reductions in HbA(1c) than CYP2C9*1.
|Drugs=glibenclamide; gliclazide; glimepiride; glipizide
|Drug Classes=SULFONAMIDES, UREA DERIVATIVES
|Diseases=Diabetes Mellitus
|Curation Level=Curated
|PharmGKB Accession ID=PA165107376
}}

{{PharmGKB
|RSID=rs1057910
|Name_s=CYP2C9*3 (A>C)
|Gene_s=CYP2C9
|Feature=Exon/NonSyn
|Evidence=PubMed ID:20147896
|Annotation=Risk or phenotype-associated allele: C allele. Phenotype: Increased warfarin levels given ritonavir/tipranavir. Study size: 23 (7 female). Study population/ethnicity: 16 Caucasians, 7 African American. Significance metric(s): P = 0.047. Type of association: GN; PK.
|Drugs=ritonavir; tipranavir; warfarin
|Drug Classes=
|Diseases=
|Curation Level=Curated
|PharmGKB Accession ID=PA165291906
}}

{{PharmGKB
|RSID=rs1057910
|Name_s=CYP2C9*3, c.1075A>C, mRNA 11A>C, p.Ile359Leu
|Gene_s=CYP2C9
|Feature=Exon/NonSyn
|Evidence=PubMed ID:19794412
|Annotation=Risk or phenotype-associated allele: CYP2C9*3, rs1057910 C allele, Leu359. Phenotype: Drug response phenotypes included (1) reaching target HbA(1c), (2) maximum HbA(1c) reduction, and (3) time to monotherapy failure. Patients homozygous for the loss-of-function CYP2C9 alleles (*2/*2, *2/*3, *3/*3) achieved greater treatment target (OR = 3.4, p = 0.0009), 0.5% greater reduction in target HbA1c concentration (p = 0.003), and lower risk of monotherapy failure based an additive genetic model (allelic hazard ratio 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.63-0.99, p = 0.04), compared to wild-type allele (*1) carriers. Study size: 1,073 patients (578 drug-naive, 495 with prior and continued metformin exposure). Study population/ethnicity: Diabetes patients recruited in Tayside, Scotland for the Diabetes Audit and Research Tayside Study (DARTS), between 1992 and 2007, who were incident sulfonylurea users. Significance metric(s): p = (0.04 - 0.0009) Type of association: GN; PD
|Drugs=glibenclamide; gliclazide; glimepiride; glipizide; metformin
|Drug Classes=SULFONAMIDES, UREA DERIVATIVES
|Diseases=Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
|Curation Level=Curated
|PharmGKB Accession ID=PA165111639
}}

{{omim
|id=601130
|rsnum=1057910
|variant=0001
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22321278
|Title=[Impact of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphism on warfarin response during initiation of therapy]
}}

{{ClinVar
|rsid=1057910
|Reversed=0
|FwdREF=A
|FwdALT=C
|REF=A
|ALT=C
|RSPOS=96741053
|CHROM=10
|GMAF=0.0426
|dbSNPBuildID=86
|SSR=0
|SAO=1
|VP=0x050378000000150517130100
|GENEINFO=CYP2C9:1559
|GENE_NAME=CYP2C9
|GENE_ID=1559
|WGT=0
|VC=SNV
|CLNALLE=1
|CLNHGVS=NC_000010.10:g.96741053A>C
|CLNSRC=GTR; OMIM Allelic Variant
|CLNORIGIN=1
|CLNSRCID=GTR000500485; 601130.0001
|CLNSIG=6
|CLNCUI=CN078029
|CLNDBN=Tolbutamide poor metabolizer; Warfarin response; Phenytoin response; Glipizide poor metabolizer
|Disease=Tolbutamide poor metabolizer; Warfarin response; Phenytoin response; Glipizide poor metabolizer
|CLNACC=RCV000008916.1; RCV000008917.1; RCV000008918.1; RCV000008919.2
|Tags=PM;TPA;PMC;S3D;SLO;VLD;G5;HD;GNO;KGPhase1;KGPROD;OTHERKG;PH3;LSD;MTP;OM
|CAF=0.9578; 0.04224
|CLNDSDB=MedGen:OMIM; MedGen
|CLNDSDBID=CN078029:122700; CN069167
|COMMON=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=16385451
|Title=A scan of chromosome 10 identifies a novel locus showing strong association with late-onset Alzheimer disease.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=17048007
|Title=Association of warfarin dose with genes involved in its action and metabolism.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=17368604
|Title=The association of CYP2C9 gene polymorphisms with colorectal carcinoma in Han Chinese.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=17387222
|Title=Genetic-based dosing in orthopedic patients beginning warfarin therapy.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=18305455
|Title=Use of pharmacogenetic and clinical factors to predict the therapeutic dose of warfarin.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=18466099
|Title=Influence of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 on warfarin dose, anticoagulation attainment and maintenance among European-Americans and African-Americans.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=18547414
|Title=Genotyping panel for assessing response to cancer chemotherapy.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=18574025
|Title=The largest prospective warfarin-treated cohort supports genetic forecasting.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=18596683
|Title=Dosing algorithms to predict warfarin maintenance dose in Caucasians and African Americans.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=18662264
|Title=Laboratory and clinical outcomes of pharmacogenetic vs. clinical protocols for warfarin initiation in orthopedic patients.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=18680736
|Title=Genetic factors contribute to patient-specific warfarin dose for Han Chinese.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=18752379
|Title=Warfarin pharmacogenetics.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=18936436
|Title=Prevalence in the United States of selected candidate gene variants: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1991-1994.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=18990750
|Title=Red meat intake, doneness, polymorphisms in genes that encode carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes, and colorectal cancer risk.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=18992263
|Title=Colon tumor mutations and epigenetic changes associated with genetic polymorphism: insight into disease pathways.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=19223558
|Title=Polymorphic variation in NFKB1 and other aspirin-related genes and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=19538716
|Title=Thrombotic genetic risk factors and warfarin pharmacogenetic variants in Sao Miguel's healthy population (Azores).
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=19694740
|Title=No significant effect of ABCB1 haplotypes on the pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin, and rosuvastatin.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=19955245
|Title=Warfarin sensitivity genotyping: a review of the literature and summary of patient experience.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=20017677
|Title=ARMS test for diagnosis of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 mutation in patients with pulmonary embolism in Han Chinese.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=20082485
|Title=Genetic variants involved in gallstone formation and capsaicin metabolism, and the risk of gallbladder cancer in Chilean women.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=20149073
|Title=Pharmacogenetics of acenocoumarol in patients with extreme dose requirements.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=20459744
|Title=Cyclophosphamide-metabolizing enzyme polymorphisms and survival outcomes after adjuvant chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=20585445
|Title=A novel, single algorithm approach to predict acenocoumarol dose based on CYP2C9 and VKORC1 allele variants.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=20733952
|Title=Warfarin genotyping using three different platforms.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=20808793
|Title=Are cytochrome P450 CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms associated with ibuprofen response in very preterm infants?
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22010099
|Title=VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotype and patient characteristics explain a large proportion of the variability in warfarin dose requirement among children.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22178823
|Title=[Distribution of variant alleles association with warfarin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the Han population in China].
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22486182
|Title=Influence of genetics and non-genetic factors on acenocoumarol maintenance dose requirement in Moroccan patients.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22569204
|Title=PharmGKB summary: phenytoin pathway.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23081681
|Title=CYP2C9 variants increase risk of colorectal adenoma recurrence and modify associations with smoking but not aspirin treatment
|OA=1
}}

{{GET Evidence
|gene=CYP2C9
|aa_change=Ile359Leu
|aa_change_short=I359L
|impact=pharmacogenetic
|qualified_impact=Insufficiently evaluated pharmacogenetic
|inheritance=unknown
|quality_scores=Array
|dbsnp_id=rs1057910
|overall_frequency_n=527
|overall_frequency_d=10758
|overall_frequency=0.0489868
|n_genomes=1
|n_genomes_annotated=0
|n_haplomes=1
|n_articles=7
|n_articles_annotated=7
|qualityscore_in_silico=1
|qualitycomment_in_silico=Y
|qualityscore_in_vitro=3
|qualitycomment_in_vitro=Y
|qualityscore_case_control=5
|qualitycomment_case_control=Y
|qualityscore_severity=4
|qualitycomment_severity=Y
|qualityscore_treatability=4
|qualitycomment_treatability=Y
|in_omim=Y
|in_pharmgkb=Y
|pph2_score=0.048
|nblosum100=-2
|autoscore=2
|webscore=N
|summary_short=This variant, also called CYP2C9*3, is a pharmacogenetic variant that modulates sensitivity for Warfarin (due to reduced metabolism). This variant is more frequent in Caucasians. The FDA has approved reduced recommended Warfarin dosage based on the presence of this variant.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23208322
|Title=Influence of ORM1 polymorphisms on the maintenance stable warfarin dosage
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23473641
|Title=Effect of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genetic polymorphisms on mean daily maintenance dose of acenocoumarol in South Indian patients
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23104259
|Title=Influence of warfarin dose-associated genotypes on the risk of hemorrhagic complications in Chinese patients on warfarin
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23587916
|Title=Allele frequency distribution of CYP2C9 2 and CYP2C9 3 polymorphisms in six Mexican populations
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=24324947
|Title=VKORC1 and CYP2C9 Genotype Variations in Relation to Warfarin Dosing in Korean Stroke Patients
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=24368493
|Title=Interaction between ALOX5AP and CYP3A5 gene variants significantly increases the risk for cerebral infarctions in Chinese
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=24380239
|Title=Characterization of the most common CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 allelic variants in the population from the Republic of Macedonia
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=24602049
|Title=Association of gene polymorphisms with the risk of warfarin bleeding complications at therapeutic INR in patients with mechanical cardiac valves
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22676711
|Title=Pharmacogenomics of warfarin in populations of African descent.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23089684
|Title=Similarity in recombination rate and linkage disequilibrium at CYP2C and CYP2D cytochrome P450 gene regions among Europeans indicates signs of selection and no advantage of using tagSNPs in population isolates.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23130019
|Title=Frequencies of 23 functionally significant variant alleles related with metabolism of antineoplastic drugs in the chilean population: comparison with caucasian and asian populations.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23133420
|Title=Pharmacogenomic Diversity among Brazilians: Influence of Ancestry, Self-Reported Color, and Geographical Origin.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23691226
|Title=Novel associations of VKORC1 variants with higher acenocoumarol requirements.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=24966969
|Title=High resolution melting method to detect single nucleotide polymorphism of VKORC1 and CYP2C9
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23941071
|Title=Association of genetic polymorphisms with warfarin dose requirements in Chinese patients
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=25096692
|Title=Genetic variants associated with phenytoin-related severe cutaneous adverse reactions
}}
{{on chip | 23andMe v1}}
{{on chip | 23andMe v2}}
{{on chip | 23andMe v3}}
{{on chip | 23andMe v4}}
{{on chip | Illumina Human 1M}}