{{Rsnum
|rsid=12979860
|Gene=IFNL4
|Chromosome=19
|position=39248147
|Orientation=plus
|GMAF=0.3388
|Gene_s=IFNL4
|Assembly=GRCh38
|GenomeBuild=38.1
|dbSNPBuild=141
|geno1=(C;C)
|geno2=(C;T)
|geno3=(T;T)
}}{{ population diversity
| geno1=(C;C)
| geno2=(C;T)
| geno3=(T;T)
| CEU | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0
| HCB | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0
| JPT | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0
| YRI | 12.1 | 37.6 | 50.4
| ASW | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0
| CHB | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0
| CHD | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0
| GIH | 56.6 | 35.4 | 8.1
| LWK | 19.0 | 57.1 | 23.8
| MEX | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0
| MKK | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0
| TSI | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0
| HapMapRevision=28
}}[[rs12979860]] is a SNP near the [[IL28B]] gene, encoding interferon-lambda-3 (IFN-lambda-3). 

Several studies now indicate that this SNP predicts [[hepatitis C]] treatment-induced viral clearance. It is associated with an approximately twofold change in response to pegylated interferon-alpha (PEG-IFN-alpha) plus ribavirin (RBV) treatment, both among patients of European ancestry (p = 1.06 x 10e-25) and African-Americans (p = 2.06 x 10e-3). These studies indicate that the virus was eradicated in ~80% of (C;C) patients, compared to only about 25% of those with (T;T), while (C;T) response was intermediate.[PMID 19684573, PMID 19749758, PMID 19749757]

[http://blog.23andme.com/2009/09/18/snpwatch-more-evidence-that-genetic-variations-are-important-for-hepatitis-c-infection-and-treatment/ 23andMe blog] 

[[rs8099917]](C) less likely to respond to [[Hepatitis C]] treatment. 

[[rs12979860]](C;C) better able to become naturally [[Hepatitis C]] virus-free.
[[rs12980275]](A)  usually corresponds to the [[rs12979860]](C)

{{PMID Auto GWAS
|PMID=19684573
|Trait=Response to Hepatitis C treatment
|Title=Genetic variation in IL28B predicts hepatitis C treatment-induced viral clearance
|RiskAllele=C
|Pval=1E-28
|OR=2.00
|ORtxt=[1.8-2.3] (European-Americans)
}}

{{omim
|desc=INTERLEUKIN 28B; IL28B
|id=607402
|rsnum=12979860
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=20176026
|Title=Replicated Association between an IL28B Gene Variant and a Sustained Response to Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=20235331
|Title=Interferon-lambda genotype and low serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection
|OA=1
}}
{{PMID Auto
|PMID=20389235
|Title=Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism near the interleukin-28B gene with response to hepatitis C therapy in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients
}}
{{PMID Auto
|PMID=20578254
|Title=Interleukin-28B genetic variants and hepatitis virus infection by different viral genotypes
}}
{{PMID Auto
|PMID=20637200
|Title=A polymorphism near IL28B is associated with spontaneous clearance, of acute hepatitis C virus and jaundice
}}
{{PMID Auto
|PMID=20964522
|Title=Modeling the Probability of Sustained Virological Response to Therapy with Pegylated Interferon plus Ribavirin in Patients Coinfected with Hepatitis C Virus and HIV
}}

{{PharmGKB
|RSID=rs12979860
|Name_s=
|Gene_s=IL28B
|Feature=
|Evidence=PubMed ID:19684573
|Annotation=Phenotype/ associated allele: A GWAS showed that, in patients of European ancestry, the CC genotype of this SNP is associated with a twofold (95% CI 1.8-2.3) greater rate of SVR (sustained virological response) than is the TT genotype to treatment of chronic Hepatitis C genotype I infection with peginterferon-alpha-2a or -2b combined with ribavirin. In African -Americans, the response rate ratio is in the same direction, but three-fold (95% CI 1.9-4.7) . In Hispanics, the response ratio is two-fold (95% CI 1.4-3.2). The overall genome-wide association has significance p = 1.37 x 10 -28. Based upon the allele frequency in different population groups, this polymorphism appears to explain about half of the response rate difference between different populations. An association between baseline viral load and genotype was also found. Study size: 1671 total, including European-Americans: 871; African-Americans: 191; Hispanics: 75. Type of association: GN;PD;CO.
|Drugs=interferon alfa-2a, recombinant; ribavirin
|Drug Classes=
|Diseases=Hepatitis; Hepatitis C; Liver Cirrhosis
|Curation Level=Curated
|PharmGKB Accession ID=PA165363365
}}
{{PMID Auto
|PMID=21068134
|Title=HCV substitutions and IL28B polymorphisms on outcome of peg-interferon plus ribavirin combination therapy
}}
{{PMID Auto
|PMID=21070502
|Title=Interleukin-28B polymorphisms are associated with hepatitis C virus clearance and viral load in a HIV-1-infected cohort
}}

{{omim
|id=609532
|rsnum=12979860
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=21413051
|Title=Genetic variation in IL28B with respect to vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus and spontaneous clearance in HCV infected children
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=21447862
|Title=Association of genetic variation in IL28B with hepatitis C treatment-induced viral clearance in the Chinese Han population
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=21505315
|Title=IL28B gene polymorphisms and viral kinetics in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=21618576
|Title=Impact of viral amino acid substitutions and host IL28B polymorphism on replication and susceptibility to interferon of hepatitis C virus
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=21647799
|Title=Role of Interleukin 28B rs12979860 C/T Polymorphism on the Histological Outcome of Chronic Hepatitis C: Relationship with Gender and Viral Genotype
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=21722179
|Title=Predicting response to therapy in chronic hepatitis C: an approach combining IL28B gene polymorphisms and clinical data
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=21750736
|Title=Characterization of Serum Proteins Associated with IL28B Genotype among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=21790472
|Title=IL28B Polymorphism Associated with Spontaneous Clearance of Hepatitis C Infection in a Southern Brazilian HIV Type 1 Population
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=21606533
|Title=Interleukin 28B gene variation at rs12979860 determines early viral kinetics during treatment in patients carrying genotypes 2 or 3 of hepatitis C virus
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=21390311
|Title=Response prediction in chronic hepatitis C by assessment of IP-10 and IL28B-related single nucleotide polymorphisms
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=21884517
|Title=IL28B Genotype Does Not Correlate with HIV Control in African Americans
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=21933876
|Title=Genetic Polymorphism in IL28B Is Associated With Spontaneous Clearance of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 4 Infection in an Egyptian Cohort
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=21987611
|Title=IL28B polymorphisms associated with therapy response in Chilean chronic hepatitis C patients
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=21994136
|Title=Ultra-Rapid Virological Response, Young Age, Low ?-GT/ALT-Ratio, and Absence of Steatosis Identify a Subgroup of HCV Genotype 3 Patients Who Achieve SVR with IFN-?(2a) Monotherapy
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=21760886
|Title=An IL28B genotype-based clinical prediction model for treatment of chronic hepatitis C
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22087138
|Title=Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the IL28B and sustained virologic response of patients with chronic hepatitis C to PEG-interferon/ribavirin therapy: A meta-analysis: Meta-analysis of IL28B
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22118055
|Title=Single and combined IL28B, ITPA and SLC28A3 host genetic markers modulating response to anti-hepatitis C therapy
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22234924
|Title=Combined effects of different IL28B gene variants on the outcome of dual combination therapy in chronic HCV type 1 infection
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22239156
|Title=IL28B rs12979860 polymorphism dose not influence outcomes of hepatitis B virus infection
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22257210
|Title=A Tetra-Primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System-Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of rs8099917 IL28B Genotype
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22374338
|Title=Evaluation of interleukin 28B single nucleotide polymorphisms in infants suffering from bronchiolitis
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22473858
|Title=IL28B polymorphisms predict interferon-related HBsAg seroclearance in genotype D HBeAg-negative patients with chronic hepatitis B
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22509814
|Title=Frequency of IL28B rs12979860 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Alleles in Newborn Infants and in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C in Morocco
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22521237
|Title=Closed tube method for rapid screening of IL28B polymorphisms involved in response to hepatitis C treatment
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22530607
|Title=Implications of PNPLA3 polymorphism in chronic hepatitis C patients receiving peginterferon plus ribavirin
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22550527
|Title=Development and Validation of a Simple, Rapid and Inexpensive PCR-RFLP Method for Genotyping of Common IL28B Polymorphisms: A Useful Pharmacogenetic Tool for Prediction of Hepatitis C Treatment Response
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22108195
|Title=Polymorphisms near IL28B and serologic response to peginterferon in HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=21889467
|Title=Determination of IL28B polymorphisms in liver biopsies obtained after liver transplantation
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22634340
|Title=Association of the IL28B genotype with insulin resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis C
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22253847
|Title=Sequence analysis of the IL28A/IL28B inverted gene duplication that contains polymorphisms associated with treatment response in hepatitis C patients
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22253715
|Title=Impact of IL28B-related single nucleotide polymorphisms on liver histopathology in chronic hepatitis C genotype 2 and 3
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22649509
|Title=IL28B Genetic Variation Is Associated with Spontaneous Clearance of Hepatitis C Virus, Treatment Response, Serum IL-28B Levels in Chinese Population
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22666430
|Title=Relation of IL28B Gene Polymorphism with Biochemical and Histological Features in Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Liver Disease
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22664940
|Title=Spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C infection after liver transplantation from IL28B rs12979860 CC donors
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22720022
|Title=A multicentre molecular analysis of hepatitis B and blood-borne virus coinfections in viet nam
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22790387
|Title=Increased Risk of Severe Hepatitis C Virus Recurrence After Liver Transplantation in Patients With a T Allele of IL28B rs12979860
}}

{{PMID|19759533|OA=1
}} Genetic variation in IL28B and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus.

{{PMID|20399780}} Interleukin-28B polymorphism improves viral kinetics and is the strongest pretreatment predictor of sustained virologic response in genotype 1 hepatitis C virus.

{{PMID|20621700}} An IL28B polymorphism determines treatment response of hepatitis C virus genotype 2 or 3 patients who do not achieve a rapid virologic response.

{{PMID|20659305}} A tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction for the evaluation of rs12979860 IL28B genotype.

{{PMID|20728570}} Impact of IL28B genotype on the early and sustained virologic response in treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis C.

{{PMID|20804372}} Prediction of response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin by IL28B gene variation in patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus.

{{PMID|20889274}} IL28B polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis C.

{{PMID|20931559|OA=1
}} IL28B genotype is associated with differential expression of intrahepatic interferon-stimulated genes in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

{{PMID|20977343|OA=1
}} IL28B polymorphism does not determine outcomes of hepatitis B virus or HIV infection.

{{PMID|21080244}} The IL-28 genotype: how it will affect the care of patients with hepatitis C virus infection.

{{PMID|21112657}} Importance of IL28B gene polymorphisms in hepatitis C virus genotype 2 and 3 infected patients.

{{PMID|21112660}} Predictive value of the IL28B polymorphism on the effect of interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients with genotypes 2a and 2b.

{{PMID|21145807}} Early virologic response and IL28B polymorphisms in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 3 treated with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin.

{{PMID|21145813}} Interferon-lambda serum levels in hepatitis C.

{{PMID|21146242}} IL-28B rs12979860 C/T allele distribution in patients with liver cirrhosis: role in the course of chronic viral hepatitis and the development of HCC.

{{PMID|21147186}} Impact of donor and recipient IL28B rs12979860 genotypes on hepatitis C virus liver graft reinfection.

{{PMID|21157362|OA=1
}} Pharmacodynamics of PEG-IFN-[alpha]-2a and HCV response as a function of IL28B polymorphism in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.

{{PMID|21228123}} IL-28B predicts response to chronic hepatitis C therapy--fine-mapping and replication study in Asian populations.

{{PMID|21254158|OA=1
}} Quantitation of pretreatment serum interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 improves the predictive value of an IL28B gene polymorphism for hepatitis C treatment response.

{{PMID|21254179|OA=1
}} Interleukin-28B polymorphisms are associated with histological recurrence and treatment response following liver transplantation in patients with hepatitis C virus infection.

{{PMID|21274371|OA=1
}} Peginterferon and ribavirin treatment for hepatitis C virus infection.

{{PMID|21354446}} IL28B polymorphisms predict reduction of HCV RNA from the first day of therapy in chronic hepatitis C.

{{PMID|21374656}} IL28B genetic variation and treatment response in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 3 infection.

{{PMID|21375685}} Different distributions of hepatitis C virus genotypes among HIV-infected patients with acute and chronic hepatitis C according to interleukin-28B genotype.

{{PMID|21376050|OA=1
}} Coffee consumption is associated with response to peginterferon and ribavirin therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

{{PMID|21378537}} Association between IL28B gene polymorphisms and plasma HCV-RNA levels in HIV/HCV-co-infected patients.

{{PMID|21389156|OA=1
}} The rs8099917 polymorphism, when determined by a suitable genotyping method, is a better predictor for response to pegylated alpha interferon/ribavirin therapy in Japanese patients than other single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with interleukin-28B.

{{PMID|21397726}} Portal pressure predicts outcome and safety of antiviral therapy in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C virus infection.

{{PMID|21466653}} Donor and recipient IL28B polymorphisms in HCV-infected patients undergoing antiviral therapy before and after liver transplantation.

{{PMID|21488075}} Impact of patatin-like phospholipase-3 (rs738409 C>G) polymorphism on fibrosis progression and steatosis in chronic hepatitis C.

{{PMID|21549150}} Real-time polymerase chain reaction assay based on high-resolution melting analysis for the determination of the rs12979860 polymorphism involved in hepatitis C treatment response.

{{PMID|21572301}} Low-density lipoprotein receptor genotyping enhances the predictive value of IL28B genotype in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients.

{{PMID|21592993}} Influence of interleukin-28B single-nucleotide polymorphisms on progression to liver cirrhosis in human immunodeficiency virus-hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy.

{{PMID|21600205|OA=1
}} A polymorphism in IL28B distinguishes exposed, uninfected individuals from spontaneous resolvers of HCV infection.

{{PMID|21613433|OA=1
}} Interleukin-28B genotyping by melt-mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR analysis using single nucleotide polymorphisms rs12979860 and rs8099917, a useful tool for prediction of therapy response in hepatitis C patients.

{{PMID|21626525}} Limited use of interleukin 28B in the setting of response-guided treatment with detailed on-treatment virological monitoring.

{{PMID|21670772}} Importance of host genetic factors HLA and IL28B as predictors of response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin.

{{PMID|21692944}} IL28B polymorphisms determine early viral kinetics and treatment outcome in patients receiving peginterferon/ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C genotype 1.

{{PMID|21703198|OA=1
}} Beneficial IL28B genotype associated with lower frequency of hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

{{PMID|21703201}} The predictive value of IL28B gene polymorphism for spontaneous clearance in a single source outbreak cohort is limited in patients carrying the CCR5Delta32 mutation.

{{PMID|21704279|OA=1
}} Simultaneous genotyping of rs12979860 and rs8099917 variants near the IL28B locus associated with HCV clearance and treatment response.

{{PMID|21721028}} Genetic variation in the interleukin-28B gene is not associated with fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C and known date of infection.

{{PMID|21726252}} IL28B rs12979860 C/T polymorphism in elderly chronic hepatitis C patients treated with pegylated-interferon and ribavirin.

{{PMID|21739451}} Inverse association of IL28B genotype and liver mRNA expression of genes promoting or suppressing antiviral state.

{{PMID|21742841|OA=1
}} IL28B genotype effects during early treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin in difficult-to-treat hepatitis C virus infection.

{{PMID|21813376|OA=1
}} Progression of liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV genotype 1 co-infected patients is related to the T allele of the rs12979860 polymorphism of the IL28B gene.

{{PMID|21854194}} Distribution of polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 2B6, histocompatibility complex P5, chemokine coreceptor 5, and interleukin 28B genes in inhabitants from the central area of Argentina.

{{PMID|21889215}} IL28B polymorphisms are not associated with the response to interferon-beta in multiple sclerosis.

{{PMID|21898478}} Association of gene expression involving innate immunity and genetic variation in interleukin 28B with antiviral response.

{{PMID|21900787}} A single IL28B genotype SNP rs12979860 determination predicts treatment response in patients with chronic hepatitis C Genotype 1 virus.

{{PMID|21903134}} Interleukin 28B genotype determination using DNA from different sources: A simple and reliable tool for the epidemiological and clinical characterization of hepatitis C.

{{PMID|21907615}} Polymorphism near the IL28B gene in Korean hepatitis C virus-infected patients treated with peg-interferon plus ribavirin.

{{PMID|21911885}} Genetic variation in interleukin-28B predicts SVR in hepatitis C genotype 1 Argentine patients treated with PEG IFN and ribavirin.

{{PMID|21918436}} Host genetics.

{{PMID|21932410}} Treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients at an academic center in Europe involved in prospective, controlled trials: is there a selection bias?

{{PMID|21932415}} Interleukin 28B polymorphism predicts pegylated interferon plus ribavirin treatment outcome in chronic hepatitis C genotype 4.

{{PMID|21951981}} IL28B polymorphism is associated with treatment response in patients with genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C.

{{PMID|21971821}} Efficacy of chronic hepatitis C therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in patients on methadone maintenance treatment.

{{PMID|21974859}} Association between IL28B polymorphisms and first-phase viral load decrease in chronic hepatitis C virus-infected patients treated with peginterferon alfa-2b/ribavirin.

{{PMID|21983945|OA=1
}} Natural killer inhibitory receptor expression associated with treatment failure and interleukin-28B genotype in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

{{PMID|22006276}} Impact of IL28B on treatment outcome in hepatitis C virus G1/4 patients receiving response-guided therapy with peginterferon alpha-2a (40KD)/ribavirin.

{{PMID|22013224|OA=1
}} IL28B rs12979860 genotype and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus in a multi-ethnic cohort of injection drug users: evidence for a supra-additive association.

{{PMID|22027585|OA=1
}} Single nucleotide polymorphism upstream of interleukin 28B associated with phase 1 and phase 2 of early viral kinetics in patients infected with HCV genotype 1.

{{PMID|22098416}} IL28B polymorphisms are markers of therapy response and are influenced by genetic ancestry in chronic hepatitis C patients from an admixed population.

{{PMID|22173157}} Prediction of response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients using HCV genotype, IL28B variations, and HCV-RNA load.

{{PMID|22180419|OA=1
}} IL28B polymorphisms influence stage of fibrosis and spontaneous or interferon-induced viral clearance in thalassemia patients with hepatitis C virus infection.

{{PMID|22192885}} Serum level of IP-10 increases predictive value of IL28B polymorphisms for spontaneous clearance of acute HCV infection.

{{PMID|22212648}} Contribution of ribavirin transporter gene polymorphism to treatment response in peginterferon plus ribavirin therapy for HCV genotype 1b patients.

{{PMID|22222052}} Hepatitis C virus viral kinetics during alpha-2a or alpha-2b pegylated interferon plus ribavirin therapy in liver transplant recipients with different immunosuppression regimes.

{{PMID|22234804|OA=1
}} Spontaneous clearance of primary acute hepatitis C virus infection correlated with high initial viral RNA level and rapid HVR1 evolution.

{{PMID|22248659}} Effect of IL28B genotype on early viral kinetics during interferon-free treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C.

{{PMID|22285807}} Hepatic cell-type specific gene expression better predicts HCV treatment outcome than IL28B genotype.

{{PMID|22294646|OA=1
}} Impact of IL28B gene polymorphisms on interferon-lambda3 plasma levels during pegylated interferon-alpha/ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C in patients coinfected with HIV.

{{PMID|22298465}} Early viral load and recipient interleukin-28B rs12979860 genotype are predictors of the progression of hepatitis C after liver transplantation.

{{PMID|22300408}} Recipient IL28B polymorphism is an important independent predictor of posttransplant diabetes mellitus in liver transplant patients with chronic hepatitis C.

{{PMID|22310928}} Genetic variation in IL28B is associated with the development of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma.

{{PMID|22314430}} IL28B and PNPLA3 polymorphisms affect histological liver damage in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

{{PMID|22324878}} Does Interleukin-28B Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Influence the Natural History of Hepatitis B?

{{PMID|22329371}} IL28B genetic variants and gender are associated with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus infection.

{{PMID|22329378}} Discordant results using T-ARMS-PCR and sequencing for the evaluation of rs12979860 IL28B genotype.

{{PMID|22331604|OA=1
}} Dysregulation of innate immunity in hepatitis C virus genotype 1 IL28B-unfavorable genotype patients: Impaired viral kinetics and therapeutic response.

{{PMID|22331649|OA=1
}} HCV RNA levels in a multiethnic cohort of injection drug users: Human genetic, viral and demographic associations.

{{PMID|22362153}} Differences in virological response to peginterferon-alpha plus ribavirin in HIV-positive patients coinfected with HCV subtypes 1a or 1b.

{{PMID|22387386}} Predicting sustained viral response to hepatitis C using a rapid and simple IL28B rs8099917 genotyping assay.

{{PMID|22411462}} Role of IL28B polymorphism in the development of hepatitis C virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma, graft fibrosis, and posttransplant antiviral therapy.

{{PMID|22431022}} The interleukin 28B rs12979860 C/T polymorphism and serum cholesterol as predictors of fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C and persistently normal transaminases.

{{PMID|22438096}} Association of two polymorphisms of the IL28B gene with viral factors and treatment response in 1,518 patients infected with hepatitis C virus.

{{PMID|22460962}} Development of tropical spastic paraparesis in human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 carriers is influenced by interleukin 28B gene polymorphisms.

{{PMID|22495472}} Recipient interleukin-28B Rs12979860 C/T polymorphism and acute cellular rejection after liver transplantation: role of the calcineurin inhibitor used.

{{PMID|22505587}} Vitamin D levels and IL28B polymorphisms are related to rapid virological response to standard of care in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C.

{{PMID|22537149}} Development of new IL28B genotyping method using Invader Plus assay.

{{PMID|22543885|OA=1
}} The association of genetic variants with hepatic steatosis in patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C infection.

{{PMID|22545770}} IL28B CC Genotype Is Associated with Higher All-Cause Mortality in Antiretroviral-Treated HIV-Infected Patients.

{{PMID|22569080|OA=1
}} IL28B favorable genotype and ultrarapid viral response as the earliest treatment predictors of a sustained viral response in a Georgian cohort infected with the hepatitis C genotype 1.

{{PMID|22610885}} Vitamin D binding protein gene polymorphisms and baseline vitamin D levels as predictors of antiviral response in chronic hepatitis C.

{{PMID|22613675}} Comparison of three different methods for the evaluation of IL28 and ITPA polymorphisms in patients infected with HCV.

{{PMID|22641049}} Genetics of IL28B and HCV-response to infection and treatment.

{{PMID|22664181}} A straightforward genotyping of the relevant IL28B SNPs for the prediction of hepatitis C treatment outcome.

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22966241
|Title=The impact of interferon lambda 3 gene polymorphism on natural course and treatment of hepatitis C
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22974940
|Title=Measurement and Clinical Significance of Interleukin 28B in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Liver Transplant Patients
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22766768
|Title=The course of posttransplant hepatitis C infection: comparative impact of donor and recipient source of the favorable IL28B genotype and other variables
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23032421
|Title=Low vitamin D levels are associated with impaired virologic response to PEGIFN+RBV therapy in HIV/HCV coinfected patients
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23080496
|Title=A single nucleotide polymorphism in IL28B affects viral evolution of hepatitis C quasispecies after pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy
|OA=1
}}

{{GET Evidence
|impact=pathogenic
|qualified_impact=Insufficiently evaluated pathogenic
|inheritance=unknown
|quality_scores=Array
|dbsnp_id=rs12979860
|overall_frequency_n=43
|overall_frequency_d=112
|overall_frequency=0.383929
|n_genomes=28
|n_genomes_annotated=0
|n_haplomes=39
|n_articles=0
|n_articles_annotated=0
|in_gwas=Y
|autoscore=2
|webscore=N
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23090351
|Title=Optimum Ribavirin Exposure Overcomes Racial Disparity in Efficacy of Peginterferon and Ribavirin Treatment for Hepatitis C Genotype 1
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22591106
|Title=Meta-analysis: IL28B polymorphisms predict sustained viral response in HCV patients treated with pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23137758
|Title=Genetic polymorphisms of ICAM 1 and IL28 as predictors of liver fibrosis severity and viral clearance in hepatitis C genotype 4
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23164695
|Title=IL28B rs12979860 polymorphism influences serum TNFalpha levels in chronic hepatitis C
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23173032
|Title=None of the Six SNPs of IL28B Could Predict Treatment Responses in Genotype 2 Chronic HCV Infected Patients by Propensity Score Matching Analysis
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22719902
|Title=Analysis of IL28B variants in an Egyptian population defines the 20 kilobases minimal region involved in spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23252241
|Title=[Immunogenetic predictors of a rapid virologic response to antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C]
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23259930
|Title=Lack of evidence to support the association of a single IL28B genotype SNP rs12979860 with the HTLV-1 clinical outcomes and proviral load
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23420232
|Title=Genome-Wide Association Study of Spontaneous Resolution of Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Data From Multiple Cohorts
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23440114
|Title=Response to treatment in Brazilian patients with chronic hepatitis C is associated with a single-nucleotide polymorphism near the interleukin-28B gene
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23442843
|Title=Role of Interleukin 28B-related Gene Polymorphisms in Chronic Hepatitis C and the Response to Antiviral Therapy in Koreans
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22727259
|Title=Different impact of IL28B polymorphisms on response to peginterferon-α plus ribavirin in HIV-positive patients infected with HCV subtypes 1a or 1b
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23490382
|Title=Lack of clinical and histological progression of chronic hepatitis C in individuals with true persistently normal ALT: the result of a 17-year follow-up
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23029188
|Title=Test of IL28B polymorphisms in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with PegIFN and ribavirin depends on HCV genotypes: results from a meta-analysis
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23109451
|Title=IL28B polymorphisms predict the response to chronic hepatitis C virus infection treatment in a Mexican population
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23020144
|Title=Polymorphisms in interleukin-10 and interleukin-28B genes in Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 4 and their effect on the response to pegylated interferon/ribavirin-therapy
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23712427
|Title=IL28B expression depends on a novel TT/-G polymorphism which improves HCV clearance prediction
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23784926
|Title=Role of IL28B gene polymorphism and cell mediated immunity in spontaneous resolution of acute hepatitis C
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23782163
|Title=Interleukin-28B genetic variations and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C antibody-positive blood donors in China
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23835502
|Title=The impact of interleukin 28B rs12979860 single nucleotide polymorphism and liver fibrosis stage on response-guided therapy in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23860735
|Title=Genetic variation near interleukin 28B and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23866096
|Title=The predictive value of IL28B rs12979860, rs11881222 and rs8099917 polymorphisms and IP-10 in the therapeutic response of Egyptian genotype 4 patients
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23063570
|Title=IL28B rs12979860 is not associated with histologic features of NAFLD in a cohort of Caucasian North American patients
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23063569
|Title=Reply to: "IL28B rs12979860 is not associated with histologic features of NAFLD in a cohort of Caucasian North American patients"
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23880623
|Title=Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms of IL-10 and IL-28B as Predictors of the Response of IFN Therapy in HCV Genotype 4-infected Children
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23939236
|Title=Variation in IFNL4 genotype and response to interferon-based therapy of hepatitis C in HIV-positive patients with acute and chronic hepatitis C
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23231085
|Title=IL28B polymorphisms predict response to therapy among chronic hepatitis C patients with HCV genotype 4
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=24072198
|Title=IFNL4 ss469415590 variant is a better predictor than ILF3 (IL28B) rs12979860 of pegylated interferon-alpha/ribavirin therapy failure in hepatitis C virus/HIV-1 coinfected patients
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=24085431
|Title=Association of the interleukin-28B gene polymorphism with development of hepatitis virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis: a meta-analysis
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=24116050
|Title=A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Associated with Hepatitis C Virus Infections Located in the Distal Region of the IL28B Promoter Influences NF-κB-Mediated Gene Transcription
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=24131527
|Title=A polymorphism linked to RRAS, SCAF1, IRF3 and BCL2L12 genes is associated with cirrhosis in hepatitis C virus carriers
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=24167602
|Title=A Fast and Cost-Effective Method for Identifying a Polymorphism of Interleukin 28B Related to Hepatitis C
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=24224717
|Title=Genetic variation in toll-like receptors and retinoic acid-inducible gene I and outcome of hepatitis C virus infection: a candidate gene association study
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23197895
|Title=Novel biosensor-based microarray assay for detecting rs8099917 and rs12979860 genotypes
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=24293567
|Title=Interleukin 28B Gene Polymorphisms in Hepatitis C Virus-related Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=24367041
|Title=IFNL4-ΔG Genotype is Associated with Slower Viral Clearance in Hepatitis C, Genotype-1 Patients Treated with Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=24366548
|Title=Expression of selected genes in liver biopsy specimens in relation to early virological response in patients with chronic hepatitis C with HCV mono- and HIV/HCV co-infection
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=24398031
|Title=IL28B and IL10R -1087 polymorphisms are protective for chronic genotype 1 HCV infection and predictors of response to interferon-based therapy in an East-Central European cohort
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22414761
|Title=Apolipoprotein-E and hepatitis C lipoviral particles in genotype 1 infection: evidence for an association with interferon sensitivity.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22626609
|Title=Factors that predict response of patients with hepatitis C virus infection to boceprevir.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22711348
|Title=Early anemia and rapid virological response improve the predictive efficiency of IL28B-genotype for treatment outcome to antiviral combination therapy in patients infected with chronic HCV genotype 1.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22742526
|Title=Meta-analysis: the impact of IL28B polymorphisms on rapid and sustained virological response in HCV-2 and -3 patients.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22814458
|Title=Targeting both rs12979860 and rs8099917 polymorphisms with a single-tube high-resolution melting assay for IL28b genotyping.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22842190
|Title=Interleukin-28B polymorphisms on the SVR in the treatment of naive chronic hepatitis C with pegylated interferon-alpha plus ribavirin: a meta-analysis.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22850127
|Title=The genotype frequencies of IL28B polymorphisms (rs12979860, rs8099917) among Turkish patients with hepatitis C.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22863269
|Title=Interleukin-28B (IL-28B) single-nucleotide polymorphisms and interferon plus ribavirin treatment outcome in Italian chronically HCV-infected patients.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22913807
|Title=Genetic polymorphism of IL28B in hepatitis C-infected haemophilia patients in Israel.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22924160
|Title=Sustained virologic response and IL28B single-nucleotide polymorphisms in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=22930497
|Title=IL28B polymorphism is not associated with HCV protease diversity in patients co-infected with HIV and HCV treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23002361
|Title=IL28B polymorphism as a predictor of antiviral response in chronic hepatitis C.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23011083
|Title=Combinations of simple baseline variables accurately predict sustained virological response in patients with recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23030669
|Title=Interleukin 28B rs12979860 (CT/TT) genotype is associated with milder hepatic damage in the natural evolution of HCV/HIV coinfection.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23121166
|Title=Insulin resistance predicts sustained virological response to treatment of chronic hepatitis C independently of the IL28b rs12979860 polymorphism.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23121365
|Title=IL28B genetic variation and hepatitis C virus-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses in anti-HCV-positive blood donors.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23133602
|Title=Pharmacogenetics of efficacy and safety of HCV treatment in HCV-HIV coinfected patients: significant associations with IL28B and SOCS3 gene variants.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23142377
|Title=Association study of IL28B: rs12979860 and rs8099917 polymorphisms with SVR in patients infected with chronic HCV genotype 1 to PEG-INF/RBV therapy using systematic meta-analysis.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23159283
|Title=Importance of IL-10 and IL-6 during chronic hepatitis C genotype-1 treatment and their relation with IL28B.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23219017
|Title=Cytokines genes polymorphisms in chronic hepatitis C: impact on susceptibility to infection and response to therapy.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23220171
|Title=Effects of IL28B rs12979860 CC genotype on metabolic profile and sustained virologic response in patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23225905
|Title=IL28B single-nucleotide polymorphism rs12979860 is associated with spontaneous HIV control in white subjects.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23238552
|Title=Low vitamin D levels are associated with impaired virologic response to PEGIFN + RBV therapy in HIV-hepatitis C virus coinfected patients.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23258530
|Title=Association of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity with treatment and clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis C (HCV).
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23266640
|Title=Interleukin-28B rs12979860C/T and rs8099917T/G contribute to spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus in Caucasians.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23274935
|Title=IL28B polymorphism, pretreatment CXCL10, and HCV RNA levels predict treatment response in racially diverse HIV/HCV coinfected and HCV monoinfected patients.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23291588
|Title=A variant upstream of IFNL3 (IL28B) creating a new interferon gene IFNL4 is associated with impaired clearance of hepatitis C virus.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23301546
|Title=Role of IL-28B and inosine triphosphatase polymorphisms in efficacy and safety of Peg-Interferon and ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C compensated cirrhosis with and without oesophageal varices.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23301835
|Title=IL28B genotype is not useful for predicting treatment outcome in Asian chronic hepatitis B patients treated with pegylated interferon-alpha.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23314745
|Title=Impact of IL-28B polymorphisms on pegylated interferon plus ribavirin treatment response in children and adolescents infected with HCV genotypes 1 and 4.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23333445
|Title=Differential effects of donor and recipient IL28B and DDX58 SNPs on severity of HCV after liver transplantation.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23396730
|Title=Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D therapy in chronic hepatitis C.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23439262
|Title=A phase 2a trial of 12-week interferon-free therapy with two direct-acting antivirals (ABT-450/r, ABT-072) and ribavirin in IL28B C/C patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23449268
|Title=HLA-DP and IL28B polymorphisms: influence of host genome on hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance in chronic hepatitis B.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23455512
|Title=IL28B SNP screening and distribution in the French Canadian population using a rapid PCR-based test.
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23490377
|Title=Value of IL28B genotyping in patients with HCV-related mixed cryoglobulinemia: results of a large, prospective study.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23499727
|Title=Natural killer cell dynamic profile is associated with treatment outcome in patients with chronic HCV infection.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23564545
|Title=Interferon-lambda polymorphisms and hepatitis C virus clearance revisited.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23587473
|Title=Treatment optimization and prediction of HCV clearance in patients with acute HCV infection.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23611115
|Title=Impact of interleukin 28B polymorphisms on spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus infection: a meta-analysis.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23611467
|Title=CARD8 gene encoding a protein of innate immunity is expressed in human atherosclerosis and associated with markers of inflammation.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23715768
|Title=Effects of the genetic pattern defined by low-density lipoprotein receptor and IL28B genotypes on the outcome of hepatitis C virus infection.
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=24776764
|Title=The association of il28b genotype with the histological features of chronic hepatitis C is HCV genotype dependent
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=24379268
|Title=[The role of hepcidin and polymorphisms in the regulatory region of the IL-28B gene in HCV infections]
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=24914551
|Title=Impact of Host IL28B rs12979860, rs8099917 in Interferon Responsiveness and Advanced Liver Disease in Chronic Genotype 3 Hepatitis C Patients
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=24927414
|Title=Diversity of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) Genotypes and KIR2DL2/3 Variants in HCV Treatment Outcome
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=24379617
|Title=Interleukin 28B polymorphisms as predictor of response in hepatitis C virus genotype 2 and 3 infected patients
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=24999753
|Title=Interleukin 28B Polymorphisms and Therapy Response in Egyptian Hepatitis C Genotype-4 Patients
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=25004625
|Title=The importance of sCD40 and sCD40L concentration in patients with chronic HCV infection and HIV co-infection
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=25032184
|Title=No association between the IL28B SNP and response to peginterferon plus ribavirin combination treatment in Korean chronic hepatitis C patients
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=24204859
|Title=Association of IFNL3 rs12979860 and rs8099917 with biochemical predictors of interferon responsiveness in chronic hepatitis C virus infection
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=25204264
|Title=Not so sweet: autoimmune diabetes mellitus on triple therapy for chronic hepatitis C infection
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=25227816
|Title=IL28B rs12979860 Gene Polymorphism in Egyptian Patients with Chronic Liver Disease Infected with HCV
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=25233462
|Title=IL28B Gene Polymorphism SNP rs8099917 Genotype GG Is Associated with HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP) in HTLV-1 Carriers
}}
{{on chip | 23andMe v3}}
{{on chip | 23andMe v4}}
{{on chip | HumanOmni1Quad}}
{{on chip | Illumina Human 1M}}