{{Rsnum
|rsid=16944
|Gene=IL1B
|Chromosome=2
|position=112837290
|Orientation=plus
|GMAF=0.4651
|Assembly=GRCh38
|GenomeBuild=38.1
|dbSNPBuild=141
|Summary=Increases susceptibility to mental illness and osteoarthritis.
|geno1=(A;A)
|geno2=(A;G)
|geno3=(G;G)
|Gene_s=IL1B
}}rs16944 is a SNP in the  interleukin 1, beta gene, a member of the cytokine family involved in the inflammatory response. The rs16944 G;G genotype is associated with risk for multiple mental illnesses. An increased risk for [[schizophrenia]] was found in a genetic association study of 2111 Caucasian individuals with an odds ratio of 1.24 (95% CI 1.09, 1.41) {{PMID|16905295}}. Studies examining the brains of schizophrenic {{PMID|22763186}} and [[bipolar]] {{PMID|19125864}} individuals found reduced gray matter and hypoactivity associated with the G;G genotype. Additionally, this genotype is associated with impaired ability to achieve remission in a study of 256 Caucasian individuals with [[depression]] (odds ratio = 1.74; 95% confidence interval 1.2-4.3){{PMID|20044070}}.
{{ population diversity
| geno1=(A;A)
| geno2=(A;G)
| geno3=(G;G)
| CEU | 13.3 | 45.1 | 41.6
| HCB | 23.4 | 44.5 | 32.1
| JPT | 23.0 | 44.2 | 32.7
| YRI | 39.5 | 42.2 | 18.4
| ASW | 35.1 | 45.6 | 19.3
| CHB | 23.4 | 44.5 | 32.1
| CHD | 27.5 | 47.7 | 24.8
| GIH | 33.7 | 52.5 | 13.9
| LWK | 41.8 | 46.4 | 11.8
| MEX | 27.6 | 48.3 | 24.1
| MKK | 34.0 | 49.4 | 16.7
| TSI | 12.7 | 49.0 | 38.2
| HapMapRevision=28
}}
The rs16944 A allele increases susceptibility to [[Osteoarthritis]], with 1.80 times for heterozygotes (AG) and 2.90 times for homozygotes (AA) {{PMID|15077300}}

{{PMID|19125864}} Gray matter deficits in [[bipolar disorder]] rs16944(T;T)

{{ neighbor
| rsid = 1143627
| distance = 480
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=19733643
|Title=Interleukin-1 region meta-analysis with osteoarthritis phenotypes
}}
{{PMID Auto
|PMID=19820020
|Title=Association of variation in the interleukin-1 gene family with diabetes and glucose homeostasis
}}

{{PMID Auto
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|Title=Association of IL1A, IL1B, and TNF Gene Polymorphisms With Chronic Rhinosinusitis With and Without Nasal Polyposis: A Replication Study
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=20565898
|Title=Association of IL1A and IL1B loci with primary open angle glaucoma
|OA=1
}}
{{PMID Auto
|PMID=20671275
|Title=Association of Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B) polymorphisms with Grave's Ophthalmopathy in Taiwan Chinese patients
}}
{{PMID Auto
|PMID=20116409
|Title=The association of interleukin-1alpha and interleukin-1beta polymorphisms with the risk of Graves' disease in a case-control study and meta-analysis
}}

{{PharmGKB
|RSID=rs16944
|Name_s=IL1B: -511 C/T
|Gene_s=IL1B
|Feature=
|Evidence=PubMed ID:16257277
|Annotation=This variant was significantly associated with acquired resistance to bisphosphonates treatment in Caucasian patients with Paget's disease of the bone
|Drugs=clodronate; etidronic acid; risedronate; tiludronate
|Drug Classes=
|Diseases=Osteitis Deformans
|Curation Level=Curated
|PharmGKB Accession ID=PA164926306
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=21523343
|Title=IL1B -511(G&gt;A) and IL1RN (VNTR) allelic polymorphisms and susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis in Croatian population
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=21726461
|Title=Modulation of cortisol responses to the DEX/CRH test by polymorphisms of the interleukin-1beta gene in healthy adults
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=21843369
|Title=Possible association between Interleukin-1beta gene and schizophrenia in a Japanese population
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
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|Title=Pharmacogenetic analysis of the effects of polymorphisms in APOE, IDE and IL1B on a ketone body based therapeutic on cognition in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease; a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
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|Title=The IL1B-511 Polymorphism (rs16944 AA Genotype) Is Increased in Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease in Mexican Population
|OA=1
}}

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|Title=Single nucleotide polymorphisms in interleukin-1gene cluster and subgingival colonization with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in patients with aggressive periodontitis
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}}

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|Title=Effect of the Interleukin-1Î² Gene on Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Function in Schizophrenia: A Genetic Neuroimaging Study
}}

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|Title=Gene-environment interaction effects on the development of immune responses in the 1st year of life.
|OA=1
}}

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|OA=1
}}

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|OA=1
}}

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|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
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|Title=Association study of IL10, IL1beta, and IL1RN and schizophrenia using tag SNPs from a comprehensive database: suggestive association with rs16944 at IL1beta.
}}

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|OA=1
}}

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|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
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}}

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}}

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}}

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}}

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|OA=1
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|OA=1
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|OA=1
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|OA=1
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{{PMID Auto
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{{PMID Auto
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|OA=1
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}}

{{GET Evidence
|impact=pharmacogenetic
|qualified_impact=Insufficiently evaluated pharmacogenetic
|inheritance=unknown
|quality_scores=Array
|dbsnp_id=rs16944
|overall_frequency_n=68
|overall_frequency_d=128
|overall_frequency=0.53125
|n_genomes=43
|n_genomes_annotated=0
|n_haplomes=65
|n_articles=1
|n_articles_annotated=0
|in_pharmgkb=Y
|autoscore=1
|webscore=N
}}

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|Title=IL-1RN +2018T&gt;C polymorphism is correlated with colorectal cancer
}}

{{PMID Auto
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|Title=Associations of the interleukin-1 gene locus polymorphisms with risk to hip and knee osteoarthritis: gender and subpopulation differences
}}

{{PMID Auto
|PMID=23592922
|Title=Interleukin 1 beta promoter polymorphism is associated with keratoconus in a Japanese population
|OA=1
}}

{{PMID Auto
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|Title=Assessment of Interleukin-1 Gene Cluster Polymorphisms in Lone Atrial Fibrillation: New Insight into the Role of Inflammation in Atrial Fibrillation
}}

{{PMID Auto
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|Title=Interleukin 1B rs16944 G&gt;A polymorphism was associated with a decreased risk of esophageal cancer in a Chinese population
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{{PMID Auto
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|Title=Genetic factors regulating inflammation and DNA methylation associated with prostate cancer
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{{PMID Auto
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{{PMID Auto
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|OA=1
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|OA=1
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|OA=1
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|Title=Interleukin-1 gene cluster and IL-1 receptor polymorphisms in Iranian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
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{{on chip | 23andMe v1}}
{{on chip | 23andMe v2}}
{{on chip | 23andMe v3}}
{{on chip | 23andMe v4}}
{{on chip | FTDNA2}}
{{on chip | HumanOmni1Quad}}
{{on chip | Illumina Human 1M}}